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In concurrently treated groups, the expression of caspase-3 was downregulated (Fig

As a negative control, a FRET pair (Cy3 and Cy5 dyes) was also introduced to C3 sequentially via two orthogonal reactions (Cy3-DBCO via SPAAC and Cy5-TCO via iEDDA reaction) to afford the dual-functionalized protein conjugate C3- Cy3 - Cy5 (full chemical structure in SI) with the molecular weight of 26885 Da (Fig

Pre-mixed solutions provide convenience but require consistent refrigeration and typically expire within 30-60 days

In the context of macrophage polarization, NOS serves as a marker for M1 polarization of macrophages, while arginase-1 (ARG1) is a marker for M2 polarization (37)