ROS-dependent nerve dysfunction seems to be related to neurovascular defects associated with hypoxia.21 Increased activity of NADPH oxidase has been detected in the retina of diabetic rats, thus suggesting a role of increased oxidative stress also in retinopathy.22 In patients with diabetes, endothelial cells are the main source of ROS, which overwhelm the cellular antioxidant capacity and impair cellular function.23 Impaired endothelium dependent vasodilatation has been demonstrated in vascular beds in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.24 In addition, vascular smooth muscle cell function is impaired with a reduction of response to circulating vasodilators in subjects with diabetes mellitus.25 Oxidative stress also induces proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and promotes their migration into atherosclerotic lesions
Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 10:597617 Santos-Parker JR, Strahler TR, Bassett CJ, Bispham NZ, Chonchol MB, Seals DR (2017) Curcumin supplementation improves vascular endothelial function in healthy middle-aged and older adults by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and reducing oxidative stress
Elife 7: e42166 van Zundert GC, Bonvin AM (2015) DisVis: quantifying and visualizing accessible interaction space of distancerestrained biomolecular complexes
The presence of small amounts of sugars (like sucrose) helps stabilize the peptide, as their hydrogen bonds mimic those of water and reduce moisture-related collapse
